Device Evaluates Sense of Smell
A device initially designed to assess the nature of smelling is now being used as a screening tool to determine if patients have neurodegenerative disease. The research team from the University of Cincinnati procured funding the National Institutes of Health, as reported in the New York Times.
The screening/diagnostic test developed based on the premise that loss of olfactory sensation is an early, often the first, symptom heralding dementia. This is believed to occur because of the limited number of brain cells responsible for the sense of smell. The theory is validated by numerous scientific studies.
The testing device, the Sniff Magnitude Test, entails a cannula attached to a small plastic container. Subjects are exposed to a variety of scents released in the container. As patients smell, the strength of inhalation is measured by assessing negative pressure. This data is extrapolated to describe the intensity and size of an individual’s sniff, which allows evaluation of their sense of smell. All of this information is collected without requiring patients to verbalize the experience. Furthermore, the data is both objective and quantifiable.
Generally, when exposed to something noxious, people take small sniffs. This is the response to avoid particularly disagreeable odors. Changes to sniffing patterns, including continuing to sniff aggressively in the presence of strong fragrances, is indicative of a loss of this sense.
A study with the new device published in Otolaryngology validated the utility and accuracy of the Sniff Magnitude Test compared to other tools already available. Existing tests, however, require a subjective description of scents during testing. That ability may be limited in people with cognitive deficits or decline.
While continued validation studies are warranted, the tool is being manufactured by WR Medical Electronics Company. Test designers suggest use of the tool in tandem with other instruments to assess neurological status.
Related stories:
- MRI Predicts Degeneration of Memory
- Screening Tool for Memory Loss Validated
- New Cognitive Testing Device Introduced for Seniors
August 14, 2007 Related topics: Diagnostic, Otolaryngology